malaria Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is one of the ten deadliest diseases of all time. It effects men, women, children, and animals. It is in full force in Africa, India, Asia, China, South America, and the Caribbean. This disease is malaria. Nearly 40 percent of the world’s population lives in areas that are effected by the disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malaria is a serious, infectious disease spread by certain mosquitoes. It is caused by infection with the Plasmodium genus of the protozoan parasite. More than one hundred species of this parasite exist. It is capable of infecting reptiles, birds, rodents, and primates. Four species infect human beings, the most common being P.vivax and P. falciparum.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many animals can get malaria but human malaria does not spread to animals. In turn, animal malaria does not spread to humans. A person becomes infected with malaria when bitten by a female mosquito who pocesses the malaria parasite. The parasite enters the blood stream and travels to the liver, where they multiply. When they re-emerge into the blood stream symptoms appear. By the time most symptoms show up, the parasites have reproduced very rapidly, clogging blood vessels and rupturing cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malaria cannot be casually transmitted. Instead an infected mosquito bites someone with it, and then passes the disease on to the next person bit. It is also possible to spread malaria through contaminated needles or in bl...

Preliminary PDHPE Assignment Essay

1) Recount the story of the individual in relation to how the adversity they faced as affected their health status. The individual who I decided to research is now well known for her job hosting the Biggest Loser, Hayley Lewis. At 15 years old Hayley Lewis had won 5 Gold medals at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. She weighed 58kg and never thought anything about her weight at the time as she was fit, healthy and muscular. A magazine came out saying that she was â€Å"a fit 15 year old but a bit heavy legged. † From then on she started to get bigger and bigger. A year later her weight had crept up to 65kg and by the 1992 Barcelona Olympics she weighed 73kg. Hayley was told by her coach to lose weight and the more and more she was told, the more she turned to food for comfort. By being told she was â€Å"heavy legged† from the media and being told to lose weight the more this impacted on her physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. By being overweight this cut short Hayley’s swimming career as she was embarrassed, suffered anxiety and hated being publicly scrutinised. Hayley Lewis also hated getting out of bed because she knew she had to put on her â€Å"togs†. She said that she was racing with girls 20kg lighter and you can’t hide anything when you’re in swimmers. She also said that she used to focus on her weight every time she jumped up on to the starting block instead of focusing on her race. By being judged because of her physical appearance made her quit her swimming career because she felt that she didn’t fit in anywhere. This affected both her mental and spiritual health. Because Hayley Lewis had a negative physical health status this impacted on her emotional health as all the dimensions of health are interdependent on one another and when one area of health is going downhill this can impact on all the other aspects of an individuals’ health status. Hayley Lewis had a low self-esteem and didn’t believe in herself. This was because she was bullied about her physical appearance and the media made her feel shameful about her weight. She didn’t enjoy the success of being a swimmer either because of the shame and guilt she felt about herself and her personal body image. Another factor that could have made an impact on Hayley’s health status is the death of her younger sister as this could have made her turn to food for comfort. Hayley Lewis had to face a 20 year weight battle from when she was 15 until she was 35 when she had her second child. During her pregnancy Hayley gained another 25kg. When she got a phone call from Jenny Craig to become an ambassador she finally realised how overweight she was and decided to do something about it. She lost 4kg in the first week and was finally getting back on track and gaining these precious years of her life back. Hayley Lewis is now the current host of the Biggest Loser and says she can relate to the contestants so well as she knows exactly what they have been through and what they are going through. She hopes to inspire them and become as good a role model as she can so they get to love themselves the way she does about herself now. Hayley Lewis has faced major adversity in her life and it has affected her health status physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. She has finally pulled through and is at a great point in her life, has overcome her weight battles and has made herself proud for where her body has gotten her today. a) Evaluate how the dimensions of health have interacted to construct the health status of the individual. Hayley Lewis’ physical, mental, social and spiritual health have interacted to construct Hayley’s current health status as all these dimensions are interdependent upon one another. If one aspect of health is positive then this will most likely have an impact on all the other aspects of an individual’s health. Hayley’s physical health when she was younger was fairly poor. When Jenny Craig came into the picture this made Hayley become aware and realise just how poor her physical health was. Because of this sudden realisation, this has constructed Hayley Lewis’ current health status in many ways because she finally did something about her poor health. She started to lose weight and the motivation of the Jenny Craig program helped her pull through. She was given meal and exercise plans but as a retired swimmer she was used to having the pre-organised eating and training schedule. She had overcome her previous body image demons and she realised that she had a new focus in life because of becoming a parent. She had to step up and become the best role model she could be for her children. She threw out all the old photos she had of herself as an overweight teenager and returned to the pool in 2000 with a renewed confidence. She still has â€Å"good days and bad days, like everyone† but has learnt to love, admire, appreciate and nurture her body with respect as you only get one. Her previous physical health has now constructed Hayley’s current health status as she is now a size 8-10, lost 20kg and has maintained her weight by eating nutritiously, planning her meals and exercising often. Hayley now has a positive physical health status and hopes to inspire others, such as the biggest loser contestants, with her own personal inspiring story. Hayley Lewis’ emotional health has had a major impact on the construction of her current health status. Mentally, Hayley never used to believe in herself and had a very low self-esteem and body image. Now that she has become aware of her poor health status and has lost 20kg she now has a positive headspace and a positive outlook on life. She has a renewed confidence but still has â€Å"bad days† like everyone. By relating to the current biggest loser contestants this has made her feel proud to where her body and mind has gotten her today and wants to help them out so they can feel how she feels about herself now. Hayley’s new and improved positive emotional health has had a major impact on all the other aspects of her health and has created an overall positive health and wellbeing for herself as the dimensions of health are all interdependent upon one another. When Hayley Lewis was younger her social health suffered because she was overweight physically and didn’t look positive on life because of her poor emotional health. She was bullied, compared to others and was always being judged, if not by the media, by her coach and family & friends. She now has a very positive social health as she is now married to a very understanding and cooperative husband and has 2 children. Her confidence is now booming compared to when she was fighting her 20 year weight battle. Her confidence has allowed her to improve her relationships with family and friends and now she can also relate to the biggest loser contestants because they have become her friends. She is very inspirational towards these contestants and has also become very close to them and helping them renew their lives and start fresh. Spiritually, Hayley now feels a sense of belonging and worth compared to the adversity she faced because she has fought and finally won her weight battles. She is now fit and healthy, can relate to and feels apart of the biggest loser family and also has a special family of her own. She now has a very positive headspace and this has impacted on and changed her life in many ways. Hayley’s life changing experience of winning her 20 year weight battled has occurred because she finally became aware of how poor her health was. The 4 dimensions of health, physical, mental, social and spiritual, have all worked together with each other and have constructed Hayley Lewis’ current health status in a very positive way. Because she started losing weight she noticed that all her emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health have benefited her overall health. This is because all these dimensions are interdependent upon each other and construct the overall health status of an individual. b) Evaluate how the relative and dynamic nature of health has impacted upon the health status of the individual. Due to her own personal experiences Hayley Lewis would now rate her health as being optimal. She has battled with her weight for 20 years and has finally overcome that. As well as being at her goal weight by eating healthy, exercising and creating meal plans for herself she has to take into account how the relative and dynamic nature of health has impacted upon her own personal health status. Relative and dynamic nature of health refers to how health can vary from time to time and fluctuate all over the place. Illnesses, accidents, personal experiences, environmental factors or an individuals’ socioeconomic status can have an impact on an individual’s level of health at any point during their lives. These continual changes in a person’s health mean that health is dynamic. Judging where a person is along the health continuum at any point of time is highly subjective as people all over the world have different perceptions about what is optimal or â€Å"normal† health. By overcoming her 20 year weight battle, Hayley Lewis now has a better knowledge of what good health is. She perceives herself in a more positive way and the result of this is that the public and people all around her are perceiving her in a more positive way also. By believing in yourself can affect how others see you and believe that you have potential whereas if you don’t believe in yourself then others will think the same. This is one of the reasons that Hayley Lewis’ confidence has risen over time because now that her self-esteem has risen she realised that people were starting to perceive her, and her health, in different and a more positive way. By being the host of the biggest loser and becoming friends with the contestants has affected Hayley Lewis’ health status. She is now socioeconomically advantaged as she has a permanent job with a high income. This will impact her health status because it can affect her choices such as buying more, but nutritious food, and she now has more money to spend on fitness and recreational resources such as gyms and swimming pools. This can impact Hayley’s health physically, mentally, socially and spiritually as she now feels a sense of control and value over her life.

Teamwork Promotes And Establishes Effective Communications...

According to Kinlaw (1991), teamwork is the way in which people must work and cooperate together in order to produce products or services that could not be produced by a single individual. To this end, teams appear to have a synergy effect, which implies that the total outcome that is produced by the team is by far more than the equivalent result which the sum of the team’s part would have had. By and large, the formation of groups is very useful for the organization and its members, because they perform important tasks. Johnson, Kantner and Kikora (1990) support the rationale of forming groups through the following arguments: 1. Individuals within the team know each other well, thus deploying confidence and trust, which results in cooperation and support. 2. Teamwork promotes and establishes effective communications channels within the members of the team. Daft (1996) considers the formation of teams as critical and immense for the effectual elaboration of a task, since teams: 1. Encourage and promote creativity and innovation. 2. Are more effective problem solving devices as opposed to individuals. 3. Enhance the dedication and commitment needed to implement the decisions 4. Provide greater opportunities for interaction and 5. Increase the coherence within their members. When an employee changes position within a company, he or she ultimately changes ways of thinking, in accordance with the effects of the new position and his or her moods change until they come closer toShow MoreRelatedLes Mills New Zealand Case Study Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesNZ and Les Mills International. With 10 clubs, 900 staff and 46,000 members throughout New Zealand in 2010, they are continually growing with a 12th club established in Newmarket, Auckland in 2012. This report will apply the relevant Management theories from the disciplines of communication, working in teams, leadership, motivation and rewards, and human resource management, to the Les Mills case. 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Factors such as changing structures and polices, providing diversity skills training, creating cross functional teams and employee network groups, building relationships, and providing complete managerial support are all factors that contribute towards effective diversity management. A successful diversity management approach must be more accommodating and more capable of promoting the diversity within an organization to bring

Essay The Hamlet Ghost - 3184 Words

The Hamlet Ghost Does the ghost in Shakespeare’s Hamlet conform to the standards for ghosts in the days of the dramatist? This essay will answer this and other questions about the ghost in the drama. Cumberland Clark says in â€Å"The Supernatural in Hamlet† that: The Hamlet Ghost fulfils all the demands of popular superstitition. In the first place it comes in strange and creepy circumstances, at dead of night, when it is cold and still and lonely. ‘Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn, and hell itself breathes out Contagion to this world (III.2.405-407) It appears clad in the garments worn in mortal life. . . . Its appearance arouses the terror of†¦show more content†¦This is what we see Hamlet do when, in spite of his immediate conviction that it is an honest ghost he has seen, he arranges a trial of its veracity in the form of the play within the play (117). Thus is explained the rationale of the â€Å"play within a play† which is seen as necessary for the climax of the drama. To begin consideration of the Ghost, let it be said that the Ghost makes his appearance even before the play has opened. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes the ghost’s activity prior to the opening scene of Shakespeare’s tragedy: The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father. A young man named Horatio, who is a school friend of Hamlet, has been told of the apparition and cannot believe it, and one of the officers has brought him there in the night so that he can see it for himself. The hour comes, and the ghost walks. 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Renaissance and the Reformation Essay example - 2166 Words

The term â€Å"Renaissance† literally translates to â€Å"rebirth† as the Renaissance was a cultural and academic movement emphasizing the rediscovery and application of texts and philosophy from the Greco-Roman and classical eras. The Renaissance lasted approximately three centuries, beginning in the 1400’s and ending roughly in the 1700’s. Although no definite date can be accredited for the beginning or end of the Renaissance, it is believed to have been birthed by a gradual influx of ideas that was ultimately aided by Johannes Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press in 1436. The beginning of the 1400’s is characterized by a resurgence of knowledge based on classical Latin literature, which can be attributed to Francesco Petrarch and the†¦show more content†¦In the Middle Ages the main school of thought was Scholasticism, which emphasized logic and rational theology. Scholastics were taught with strict practice; humanists despised this form of education, instead opting for an education based on symposium which would allow them to create a tight knit community. Many people associate Humanism with a disregarding of God; however Petrarch, the most notable Renaissance humanist, respected the teachings and philosophical foundations of the Church and admired prominent Church figures such as St. Augustine. Humanists, such as Petrarch, focused on personal expression, independence and appreciation of worldly pleasures. Petrarch outlines his humanistic view in a variety of letters, one example of which is A Self-Portrait and another The Ascent of Mount Ventoux. Petrarch’s letter to Francesco Bruni, a papal secretary, was posthumously published as A Self-Portrait, which shows the humility, also attributed to many humanists, of Petrarch: â€Å"You make an orator of me, a historian, philosopher, and poet, and finally even a theologian,† Petrarch begins, â€Å"I do not deserve to have them heaped on me. But let me tell you, my friend, how far I fall short of your estimation. It is not my opinion only; it is fact. What am I then? I am a fellow who never quits school† (Cassirer 34). Here Petrarch admits that he is humbled by the various titles bestowed on him, but he does not deserve them because he has not lived up to theseShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Reformation And The Reformation1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance and Reformation – two of Europe’s largest movements – grappled many of the same issues. Both these movements addressed the question of human fate and tried to make changes to entities and institutions in society. These broad similarities allow some to believe that the Renaissance and Reformation had a relationship in which the former caused the latter. However, while both the Renaissance and Reformation deal with questions of human fate and are movements of change, the answers theyRead MoreRenaissance and Reformation806 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly simila r in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,† in a nutshell,† a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is todayRead MoreThe Renaissance And The Reformation746 Words   |  3 Pagesmasquerades as an angel of light. 15It is not surprising, then, if his servants also masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will be what their actions deserve.† The Renaissance and the Reformation was an era in time of rebirth for aspects in life. Per our reading the term Renaissance is another name for rebirth. â€Å"Renaissance is a term that means â€Å"re-birth†. The idea is that there was a re-birth of classical Greco-Roman cultural heritage into European society.† With this new found discover ofRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And Renaissance : The Renaissance And The Renaissance1008 Words   |  5 Pagesresemblance to another. As to the concern of the relation between the Protestant Reformation and Renaissance, they both encompass apparent elements of individualism and religious reasoning. In spite of this, both these events can be separately indentified as different based on the change they incited on the whole of Western Civilization and of who was actually effected during their time. The foremost impact of the Renaissance is the inspiration of human thought and choices created by the Humanist writingsRead MoreThe Renaissance Versus the Reformation1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance versus the Reformation I feel, sometimes, as the Renaissance man must have felt in finding new riches at every point and in the certainty that unexplored areas of knowledge and experience await at every turnÂâ€"Polykarp Kusch. Two very critical periods in the history of western civilization involved the eras of the Renaissance and the Reformation. 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The world is connectedRead MoreThe Importance of the Renaissance to the Reformation in Germany1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of the Renaissance to the Reformation in Germany The reformation was a movement that fundamentally challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The role of the clergy was undermined and the relationships between national countries and the Roman Catholic Church were threatened. The renaissance began in Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries through patronage and the flourishing society, and Rome achieved cultural prominence. It laterRead MoreBlending of Renaissance and Reformation in Paradise Lost2288 Words   |  10 Pagesstyle which holds classical flavor. So, Milton shows Biblical theme in classical mood. We can also say that Milton’s mind is shaped and moulded by the influence of the Renaissance and the Reformation. On the one hand, he drank deep of classical poetry and philosophy and is inherited all the culture and humanism of the Renaissance and on the other, he has a deeply religious temperament, and is a profound student of the Bible and the literature of the scripture. Thus at the back of Milton’s mind there

Abortion Pro Choice View Essay Example For Students

Abortion: Pro Choice View Essay Abortion: Pro Choice View Essay Hong Chen Composition I Abortion is a growing issue in America among women and their right to reproduce children. Approximately one to three million abortions are done each year. Women get abortions for many reasons such as for rape, teen pregnancy and health reasons. Rape is one of many reasons that cause women to choose abortion to end their pregnancies. What to do about their pregnancy is mandatory, although many or them felt they were ending a life. They are wise enough to know how they would treat their illegitimate child. They hate their rapist, and worry that if they kept their babies, they would hate their children for reminding them of such a painful time. Young women between 15 and 19 account for at least 5 million abortions every year 1 million of them in the United States. In fact, one of every five pregnancies happens to a teen-age girl. In situations like this, some people are sure that they could take care of the child, while others know that they arent ready or mature enough to take so much responsibility. In many cases the child would have no one to rely on but a single mother with no schooling, and maybe a non-supportive family. He or she would have a twisted, miserable upbringing, left vulnerable later in life. Another reason that causes women choice abortion is health problem. There is a range of problems, including the child being born with Downs Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, or a disposition to obesity, which can later in life cause clogged arteries and heart failure. In another case, people must often make choice between saving the mother, already a functioning member of society, or letting her die to try and save the baby. In conclusion, for any pregnant woman, making a decision to abort her child is painful and ruthless, but under certain situation such as rape, young age and health reasons, a woman would choose to terminate her pregnant by abortion. .

LongTerm Cause Of The Russian Revolution Essay free essay sample

Long-run Cause Of The Russian Revolution Essay, Research Paper In 1812 Czar Alexander the First had sworn an curse that Russia would neer do peace every bit long as an enemy stood on Russian dirt. Small did he cognize that non much more than a century subsequently the enemy was those who were native to the Russian soil-the people. The Russian Revolution was an event that shaped the remainder of the twentieth century worldwide. The causes of the revolution go back many old ages before the existent revolution had even showed marks of interrupting out. The causes included a weak authorities, indecisive leaders and, a really backwards manner of life for the people. In the mid to late nineteenth century Russian leaders came to understand that Russia was backwards in it s ways and that it must endeavor to overhaul itself before the state was left in shambles. Russians and their land could be described in one word, hapless. We will write a custom essay sample on LongTerm Cause Of The Russian Revolution Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The agricultural societies were weak because the land was merely hospitable to trees and ice. The provincials were serfs, attached to the land and their Masterss. In 1853 war all of a sudden broke out in the Crimean Peninsula over Christian shrines in the Ottoman Empire. After their licking in the Crimean War, Russia s war leaders realized even more that they were behind the whole universe in overhauling. In response Alexander II so took the reigns of the imperium radically bettering the state. Trans-continental railwaies were built and so in 1861 the helot were emancipated. The authorities so strengthened Russia s industry by advancing industrialisation with the building of mills. But so every bit rapidly as Alexander II s reform reign started, it ended. In 1881 a group of terrorists assassinated Alexander doing a surcease of the reforms. P > Suddenly economic modernisation resurfaced once more in the 1890 s under the Finance Minister named Sergei Witte. Witte believed that even though Russia was a backwards state, modernisation could still happen. Under his leading Witte helped the 35,000 stat mi railroad system come to a completion. Yet the Russian leaders were so impressed that this great alteration that could better Russia in the following 20 old ages they were so unsighted to the poorness and overpopulation that continued doing Russia digress further and further. After a loss to the Japanese in the Russian-Japanese war, morale of the common common people was at an all clip low. Illegal labour parties were organizing and groups of dedicated persons were imploring for revolution. Groups such as the Nihilists, and the Anarchists started to organize with the purpose to get down a revolution. They believed a revolution would non come to them, instead that they had to do one. Then, on a glooming January Sunday in 1905 a pe aceable crowd of workers and households had gathered outside the castle walls to show a request to Czar Nicholas II. The suppliants nevertheless did non cognize that Nicholas was non shacking in the castle at the clip. Then without warning, Russian military personnels outside the castle opened fire killing 100s. The horse so followed and preceded to welt the staying subsisters. This was a really dark twenty-four hours for Russia. This event, known now as # 8220 ; Bloody Sunday # 8221 ; set the scene for Revolution across Russia. Revolution swept the state. Revolts, work stoppages, and mutinies culminated to bring forth the Russian Revolution of 1905 and so subsequently the Revolution of 1917. A defective authorities, weak leaders and, a backward state all contributed to the long term causes of the Russian Revolution.